Open, Seminar—Fall
As a method of analyzing human beings through the lens of unconscious mental processes, the field of psychoanalysis has long had much to say about the topic of religion and the divine, as foundational influences on human experience and the human condition. This seminar will explore how psychoanalytic theory has grappled with religion, myth, ritual, and the idea of the divine from the late 19th century to the present. Rather than treating religion solely as belief or doctrine, the course will approach it as a set of symbolic practices, narratives, and affects that shape subjectivity, desire, and social life. Psychoanalysis will provide a distinctive lens through which to ask why religious ideas persist, how they are experienced, and what psychic work they perform. The course will begin with Sigmund Freud, whose writings on religion, most notably Totem and Taboo, The Future of an Illusion, and Moses and Monotheism, frame religion as a response to unconscious wishes, anxiety, and authority. Freud’s controversial reduction of religion to illusion and neurosis will set the stage for later debates about whether psychoanalysis undermines, explains, or transforms religious meaning. From there, we will turn to Carl Jung, whose depth psychology offers a contrasting account of myth, symbol, and the sacred, emphasizing archetypes, the collective unconscious, and the religious dimensions of psychic integration. Mid-century figures such as D. W. Winnicott and Erich Fromm will allow us to think about religion beyond repression and illusion. Winnicott’s concept of transitional phenomena will open new ways of understanding ritual, prayer, and religious objects as creative spaces between inner and outer reality, while Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis will help us to reconsider religion in relation to ethics, freedom, and social critique. We will then examine Jacques Lacan, whose reworking of Freud through language, structure, and desire raises difficult questions about God, law, absence, and the symbolic order. The seminar will also foreground feminist psychoanalysis, particularly the work of Luce Irigaray and Julia Kristeva, who challenge masculinist assumptions in both psychoanalysis and religious traditions. Their writings will invite us to rethink embodiment, maternity, sexuality, and alterity, and to ask whether new imaginaries of the divine are possible beyond patriarchal symbolic systems. In the final portion of the course, we will engage postcolonial psychoanalytic perspectives, considering how religion, colonial power, race, and trauma intersect. These approaches will allow us to question the universality of classical psychoanalytic models and explore how religious myth and practice function within histories of domination, resistance, and cultural translation. Through close readings of theoretical texts and sustained discussion, students will critically assess psychoanalysis as both a critique of religion and a resource for reimagining it. The course will encourage reflection on enduring questions about belief, meaning, desire, and the unconscious in modern and global contexts.
Faculty